Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism Explained
What does the thyroid do?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism — how your body uses energy. When it produces too little or too much hormone, it can affect nearly every system in the body.
Signs of an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Common signs include persistent fatigue, unexplained weight gain, feeling cold more often than others, dry skin, hair thinning, and low mood. Hypothyroidism is common, particularly in women, and is usually manageable once identified.
Signs of an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
This can present as unexplained weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, increased sweating, nervousness, and trouble sleeping. Because these symptoms overlap with many other conditions, a blood test is the reliable way to confirm a thyroid issue.
Getting tested
Thyroid function is checked with a simple blood test (commonly TSH, sometimes alongside T3/T4). This is often recommended for anyone with persistent, unexplained fatigue, weight change, or a family history of thyroid disease.
When to see a doctor
If you notice a cluster of the symptoms above, or a visible swelling in the neck, it is worth getting your thyroid levels checked. Most thyroid conditions are well controlled once properly diagnosed and monitored.
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified physician for concerns about your health.