Acid Reflux and GERD: What’s Normal and What Isn’t
What is acid reflux?
Acid reflux happens when stomach acid flows back up into the food pipe (oesophagus), often causing a burning sensation in the chest known as heartburn. Occasional reflux after a heavy or spicy meal is common and usually harmless.
When it becomes GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is diagnosed when acid reflux happens frequently — typically more than twice a week — or is severe enough to affect daily life or damage the food pipe over time.
Common triggers
Spicy or fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, carbonated drinks, eating large meals late at night, being overweight, and smoking are common triggers that can worsen reflux symptoms.
Simple habits that help
Eating smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding lying down soon after eating, maintaining a healthy weight, and identifying personal trigger foods can meaningfully reduce symptoms for many people.
When to see a doctor
If heartburn occurs frequently, disrupts sleep, doesn’t improve with simple dietary changes, or is accompanied by difficulty swallowing, unintended weight loss, or persistent vomiting, it’s important to get evaluated rather than relying on over-the-counter remedies alone.
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified physician for concerns about your health.